Thursday, June 18, 2009

Хэрэглээ – ing ба – ed ээр төгссөн тодотголууд

Correct Forms-Ерөнхий хэлбэр

Common Errors-Ерөнхий алдаа

No food! Very few people! Terrible music! This party is very boring.

No food! Very few people! Terrible music! This party is very bored.

No food! Very few people! Terrible music! I am bored.

No food! Very few people! Terrible music! I am boring.

When the adjective ends in -ing, it means that the person or thing causes this particular effect.

  • Rules frustrate me. Rules are frustrating.
  • Snakes terrify me. They are such terrifying creatures.
When the adjective ends in -ed, it means that the person or thing experiences this particular effect.

  • Rules frustrate me. I am frustrated when I have to learn them.
  • Snakes terrify me. I`m always terrified when I see one.
Preposition Alert

Surely everybody is interested in computers?

Everybody is interested by computers?

Alert: There are no clear rules regarding what prepositions follow the adjectives ending in -ed. Learn by using them. Look at the following examples:

  • I am not satisfied with my grades. I must study more.
  • I am bored with this quiz. I want to switch off the computer.
  • I am irritated by his strange habits.

bored vs. boring

Most verbs which express emotions to bore, may use either the present or the past participle as an adjective, but the meaning of the participles is different. The -ing form expresses the cause of the emotion, and the -ed form expresses the result.

Examples:

The movie was boring, so I was bored.

The movie was the cause of my emotion, so it is described with an -ing form. My emotion, the result, is described with an -ed form. The following table summarizes this.

Active Sentence

Describe Cause

Describe Result

The movie bored me.

The movie was boring.

I was bored.

The lecture interested me.

The lecture was interesting.

I was interested.

The game excited me.

The game was exciting.

I was excited.

The news alarmed me.

The news was alarming.

I was alarmed.

The monster frightened me.

The monster was frightening.

I was frightened.

The comedian amused me.

The comedian was amusing.

I was amused.

We can see from the examples that the -ing form refers to the subject of the active sentence, and the -ed form refers to the object of the active sentence. In the first example, boring refers to movie (subject) and bored refers to me (object) in the active sentence.

We can also see that things can only be described with the -ing form because things cannot have emotions. People, on the other hand, can be described with either -ing or -ed forms because they can produce emotions in other people or experience emotions themselves.

Here is a table of the most common "emotive" verbs:

Verb
Pres. Participle
Past Participle
aggravate
aggravating
aggravated
alarm
alarming
alarmed
amaze
amazing
amazed
amuse
amusing
amused
annoy
annoying
annoyed
appall
appalling
appalled
astonish
astonishing
astonished
astound
astounding
astounded
bewilder
bewildering
bewildered
bore
boring
bored
calm
calming
calmed
captivate
captivating
captivated
challenge
challenging
challenged
charm
charming
charmed
comfort
comforting
comforted
compel
compelling
compelled
confuse
confusing
confused
convince
convincing
convinced
depress
depressing
depressed
devastate
devastating
devastating
disappoint
disappointing
disappointed
disgust
disgusting
disgusted
distract
distracting
distracted
distress
distressing
distressed
disturb
disturbing
disturbed
embarrass
embarrassing
embarrassed
enchant
enchanting
enchanted
encourage
encouraging
encouraged
entertain
entertaining
entertained
excite
exciting
excited
frighten
frightening
frightened
humiliate
humiliating
humiliated
infuriate
infuriating
infuriated
inspire
inspiring
inspired
insult
insulting
insulted
interest
interesting
interested
intimidate
intimidating
intimidated
intrigue
intriguing
intrigued
mislead
misleading
misled
mystify
mystifying
mystified
overwhelm
overwhelming
overwhelmed
please
pleasing
pleased
puzzle
puzzling
puzzled
refresh
refreshing
refreshed
relax
relaxing
relaxed
reward
rewarding
rewarded
satisfy
satisfying
satisfied
shock
shocking
shocked
sicken
sickening
sickened
startle
startling
startled
surprise
surprising
surprised
tempt
tempting
tempted
terrify
terrifying
terrified
threaten
threatening
threatened
tire
tiring
tired
welcome
welcoming
welcomed
worry
worrying
worried

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Please translate this subject i cant understand. Ene hicheeliig orchuulad uguuch pls