Adjectives are used to modify nouns. For example: The dog is loud. What is the dog like? He is loud.
Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:
The dog barks loudly. How does the dog bark? He barks loudly.
In general: adjective + -ly
adjective
| adverb
|
slow
| slowly
|
Exceptions in spelling
exception
| example
|
silent e is dropped in true, due, whole
| true → truly
|
y becomes i
| happy → happily
|
le after a consonant is dropped
| sensible → sensibly
|
after ll only add y
| full → fully
|
Adjectives ending in -ic: adjective + -ally (exception: public-publicly)
adjective
| adverb
|
fantastic
| fantastically
|
Adjectives ending in -ly: use "in a ... way / manner" or another adverb with similar meaning
adjective
| adverb
|
friendly
| in a friendly way in a friendly manner
|
likely
| probably
|
Exceptions
adjective
| adverb (meaning)
| adverb (meaning)
|
good
| well
|
|
difficult
| with difficulty
|
|
public
| publicly
|
|
deep
| deep (place)
| deeply (feeling)
|
direct
| direct
| directly (=soon)
|
hard
| hard
| hardly (=seldom)
|
high
| high (place)
| highly (figurative)
|
late
| late
| lately (=recently)
|
most
| most
| mostly (=usually)
|
near
| near
| nearly (=almost)
|
pretty
| pretty (=rather)
| prettily
|
short
| short
| shortly (=soon)
|
The following adjectives are also used as adverbs (without modification):
| daily, enough, early, far, fast, hourly, little, long, low, monthly, much, straight, weekly, yearly, ...
|
Comparison
Comparison (-er/-est)
| Comparative ending in -er
| Superlative ending in -est
|
one-syllable adverbs (hard)
| harder
| hardest
|
adverbs with the same form as adjectives (early)
| earlier
| earliest
|
Comparison (more / most)
| Comparative formed with more
| Superlative formed with most
|
adverbs ending in -ly (happily)
| more happily
| most happily
|
Irregular comparisons
positive form
| comparative
| superlative
|
well
| better
| best
|
badly
| worse
| worst
|
ill
| worse
| worst
|
little
| less
| least
|
much
| more
| most
|
far (place + time)
| further
| furthest
|
far (place)
| farther
| farthest
|
late (time)
| later
| latest |
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