Passive voice – Идэвхгүй хэв

Англи хэлэнд идэвхтэй хэв ба идэвхгүй хэв гэж байдаг. 2 зүйлийг л маш сайн анхаарахад бусад нь тун амархан:

1. Идэвхтай хэвийн илэрхийлж байгаа өгүүлбэрт хамгийн гол санаа нь ХЭН юу хийх тухай юм.

2. Идэвхгүй хэвийн хамгийн гол илэрхийлдэг санаа ЮУ хийгдэх тухай гэж ерөнхий дөө ойлгож болно. Зарим тохиодолд шаардлагатай эж үзвэл үйлийн эзний by гэдэг үгийн тусламжтайгаар хэлж болдог.

Англи хэлний идэвхтэй хэв ба идэвхгүй хэвийн үйл үгийн бүтэц

Цагууд	Идэвхтэй үйл үгийн бүтэц	Идэвхтэй хэлбэрийн жишээ	Идэвхгүй үйл үгийн бүтэц	Идэвхгүй хэлбэрийн жишээ
Present Simple	do	I clean the classroom	am/is/are done	The classroom is cleaned
Past Simple	did	I cleaned the classroom	was/were done	The classrom was cleaned
Future Simple	will do	I will clean the classroom	will be done	The classroom wil be cleaned
Present Continuos	am/are/is doing	I am cleaning the classroom	am/are/is being done	The classroom is being cleaned
Past Continuous	was/were doing	I was cleaning the classroom	was/were being done	The classroom was being cleaned
Present Perfect	have/has done	I have cleaned the classroom	have/has been done	The classroom has been cleaned
Past Perfect	had done	I had cleaned the classroom	had been done	The classroom had been cleaned
Future Perfect	will have done	I will have cleaned the classroom	will have been done	The classroom will have been cleaned
going to	am/is/are going to do	I am going to clean the classroom	am/is/are going to be done	The classroom is going to be cleaned
used to	used to do	I used to clean the classroom	used to be done	The classroom used to be cleaned

Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд

	Идэвхтэй хэв	Идэвхгүй хэв
Simple Present	Once a week, Tom cleans the house.	Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Present Continuous	Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.	Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Simple Past	Sam repaired the car.	The car was repaired by Sam.
Past Continuous	The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.	The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect	Many tourists have visited that castle.	That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Past Perfect	George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic`s license.	Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic`s license.
Simple Future will	Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.	The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future be going to	Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.	A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Perfect will	They will have completed the project before the deadline.	The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect be going to	They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.	The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Used to	Jerry used to pay the bills.	The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always	My mother would always make the pies.	The pies would always be made by my mother.
Future in the Past Would	I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.	I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past Was Going to	I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.	I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made