• Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.
Playing tennis - ing clause
Jim hurt himself - main clause
• Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Feeling tired - ing clause
I went to bed early - main clause
"Playing tennis" and "feeling tired" are -ing clauses.
If the -ing clause is first (as in the second example), we write a comma (,) between the clauses.
When two things happen at the same time, you can use -ing for one of the verbs. The main clause
usually comes first:
• I`ve just seen Carol. She"s in the bar having a drink. (= she is in the bar and she is having
a drink)
• A man ran out of the house shouting. (= he ran out of the house and he was shouting)
• Do something! Don`t just stand there doing nothing!
We also use -ing when one action happens during another action. We use -ing for the longer
action. The longer action is the second part of the sentence:
• Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (= while he was playing)
· Did you cut yourself shaving? (= while you were shaving)
You can also use -ing after while or when:
• Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
• Be careful when crossing the road. (= when you are crossing)
When one action happens before another action, we use having (done) for the first action:
• Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
• Having finished her work, she went home.
You can also say after -ing:
• After finishing her work, she went home.
If one short action follows another short action, you can use the simple -ing form (doing instead
of having done) for the first action:
• Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
These structures are used more in written English than in spoken English.
You can use an -ing clause to explain something or to say why somebody does something. The
-ing clause usually comes first:
• Having already seen the film twice, I didn`t want to go to the cinema. (= because I had
already seen it twice)
• Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (= because I felt tired)
• Being unemployed, he hasn`t got much money. (= because he is unemployed)
• Not having a car, she finds it difficult to get around. (= because she doesn`t have a car)
These structures are used more in written English than in spoken English.
Shawl - алчуур, Pond - цөөрөм, усан сан Puff - үлээх, Huff - уурсах, Huff and Puff - амьсгаадах, эгдүүцэх, хүчтэйгээр уурлах, Chase - Хөөх, Мөшгөгдөх
Thursday, June 18, 2009
Хэрэглээ – ing clause
A clause is a part of a sentence. Some sentences have two or more clauses:
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