1 The suffix -y is usually added to uncountable nouns meaning a material, e.g.:
- Waxy
- Mity
- Sandy
- Silky
2 The suffix-ly is added to words naming certain categories of people, and means something like "having a certain feature":
- friend - friendly
- father - fatherly
- dead - deadly
- ghost - ghostly
This suffix is also used to create certain time expressions, e.g.:
- day - daily
- month - monthly
3 The suffix -like is added to nouns naming people and animals and means "resembling or being in a similar state", e.g.:
- God - Goldlike
- Bark - barklike
- Child - childlike
- war - warlike
4 The suffix -ish has a similar meaning except that we use it to emphasize a negative feature, e.g.:
- Child - childish
- Fool - foolish
The suffix is also used when describing colors" variety, e.g.:
- red - reddish
- blue - bluish
- yellow - yellowish
5 The suffix -some is added to verbs and nouns to indicate having a given feature, e.g.:
- to fear - fearsome
- to quarrel - quarrelsome
6 The suffix -worthy is added to nouns and means "worth of something, suitable for something", e.g.:
- praise - praiseworthy
- trust - trustworthy
7 The suffixes -able and -ible are added to many noiuns and verbs and mean "being able to do something", e.g.:
- avoid - avoidable
- adorable
- bearable
- reasonable
Some suffixes make the whole word different:
- eat - edible
9 The suffixed -ful ("having a given feature") and -less ("not having a given feature") are almost always created from nouns, e.g.:
- beautiful
- wishful
- helpful
- thankful
- grateful
- harmless
- spotless
- pointless
The adjectives are added other suffixes as well:
- -ive
- -ant
- -ous
- -ate
- -ory
- -esque
It`s important to remember about meaning difference between some adjectives with -ic and ical suffixes, e.g.:
economic -
econimical -
We create opposites of the adjectives by adding the negative prefixes such as:
- a-
- anit-
- dis-
- il-
- im-
- in-
- ir-
- mal-
- mis-
- un-
- social - antisocial
- social - antisocial
- honest - dishonest
- legible - illegible
- mature - immature
- acceptable - inacceptable
- responsible - irresponsible
- adjust - maladjusted
- leading - misleading
- happy - unhappy
The prefixes over- and under- can be added to adjectives and Past Participles, and mean "having too much of a given feature (over-)" and "having too little of a given feature (under-)"
- fed - overfed
- developed - underdeveloped
- done - overdone - underdone
- crowded - overcrowded
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